|
PROJECT
DESCRIPTIONS
1.-
Quiswarani
Hydropower - Hydroelectric Project (Peru)
The
2.2 MW project is a run-of-river facility with
daily regulation reservoir, located in the Chili
River basin, Department of Arequipa, Peru,
approximately 20 km east of the city of Arequipa.
The project will use the water from the
Chili River downstream from Arequipa.
-
Diversion
weir and intake on the Chili River and an
associated reservoir live storage of
approximately 30,000 [m3];
-
Conveyance
system from the intake reservoir to the
turbines in the powerhouse (surface GRP
penstock);
-
Diversion
weir, intake, and desander on the Chili River;
-
Surface
type powerhouse containing three generating
units driven by Francis turbines, 2.2 [MW] in
the aggregate;
-
25
[kV] switchyard near the powerhouse;
-
25
[kV] interconnecting transmission lines; and
-
Permanent
project access roads.
2.-
Greenhouse
Gas Emission Reductions in Electric Power
Distribution Companies (Brazil)
The
project is proposing
to identify potential greenhouse gas (GHG)
emission reductions within the activities and
programs of electric power distribution companies.
This Project will investigate a broad range
of activities; covering, for example, operational
and maintenance procedures and equipment
specifications that could lead either to immediate
emission reductions or those that could reduce
their internal consumption of electricity.
At
least four activities will be investigated:
-
Transmission
and distribution losses:
Electric power companies in Brazil show losses
varying between 8% and 18%. Therefore reducing
these losses would mean less power
requirements from fossil-fueled thermal power
plants.
-
Fleet emissions:
Distribution companies have large fleets of
vehicles of all sizes, the almost totality of
which are fueled with gasoline or diesel oil.
As Brazil has one of the largest
biomass originated ethanol industries in the
world, exchanging fuels would cut emissions
right away.
-
Street
lighting:
Distribution companies are responsible for the
installation and maintenance of street
lighting within their concession area.
Lamps that are more efficient and with
longer lifetimes would also indirectly cut
emissions.
-
Internal
conservation programs:
Investigate and estimate both direct and
indirect emission reductions stemming from the
company's internal energy conservation
programs.
3.-
Utility
Development of GHG Emission Reductions with
Clients (Brazil)
The
project is proposing
a Project to develop a partnership between IUEP,
CLEAN AIR
and CPFL. The results will
have application to other electric power
distribution companies in Brazil and abroad. This
Project will investigate a range of activities;
covering new electricity consumptions, fuel oil
displacement by natural gas and biomass that could
lead to immediate emission reductions.
This
project will be done in close integration between
Clean Air, Energy Consultants and CPFL team, and
will be carried out through the following
activities:
-
Client
selection:
Around 20 clients
will be selected to start this project. This
selection could include some that already
utilize renewable fuel sources such as the
sugar industry.
-
Energy
End Use Diagnosis:
In these clients
Clean Air, supported by Energy Consultants
will perform a simplified energy audit process
in order to identify the opportunities to
reduce CO2 emissions.
4.-
Wind
Farm Development (Bulgaria)
EnCon
Services International, in association with
General Electric, the Municipality of Veliko
Turnovo in Bulgaria, the United Bulgarian Bank,
and Energy & Communications Solutions, is
proposing to develop and operate a 5 MW pilot wind
farm in Veliko Turnovo.
The proposed project structure is unique in
that it will involve an equipment finance lease
from GE for wind turbines and towers, and
commercial debt financing from United Bulgarian
Bank for installation, balance of plant components
and working capital for wind farm operation.
The proposed project structure will require
the establishment of a public-private partnership
between the Municipality of Veliko Turnovo and a
private energy services company in Bulgaria, which
will be responsible for operation and maintenance
of the wind farm.
The Municipality of Veliko Turnovo will
secure the finance lease with a guarantee from the
International Finance Corporation (IFC) and debt
financing using municipal assets, both of which
will be repaid from the project revenue stream via
electricity sales to NEC – the National Electric
Company in Bulgaria.
5.-
Diesel
Substitution by Biomass Gasification (Brazil)
Brazil's
northern region corresponds to almost half of its
territory, covered mainly by the Amazon Forest.
Being far removed from the main hydropower
plants and consumer centers, this region is not
connected to the Integrated Electric Grid and is
supplied mainly by fossil-fueled power plants.
Projected consumption for 2004 is around
10,000 GWh of which 7,300 GWh will be supplied by
thermal plants.
The state capitals and few major cities are
supplied either by hydro plants or large thermal
plants fueled with oil.
About half of the region's population lives
in towns with between 20 and 50,000 persons,
spread out through the region, along the main
roads that cross the Amazon Forest, consuming 30%
of region's electricity.
This demand is supplied almost entirely by
locally-installed diesel powered generators as the
low population density and economic activity does
not justify extending transmission lines to these
areas.
This
Project seeks to better explore the biomass
gasification alternative through two complementary
lines. In
first place, a small gasifier (15 kW) will be
installed in the state of Acre, about 50 miles
from the state capital.
It will be fueled with wood chips and
sawdust brought from a local sawmill. The production gas is cleaned and injected with the diesel
into one of the power generators. This part of the
Project is aimed at finding optimal operational
conditions for both the gasifier and the
gas-diesel mix.
As the load curve of electric consumption
follows the usual urban curve, it will be possible
to run tests at almost the full range of
gas-diesel mixes.
6.-
Diesel
Oil Displacement by Transmission Lines
(Brazil)
Brazil
has a large area supplied by what is termed
Isolated Systems. These systems have some
important characteristics: they are supplied by
diesel oil power generators; gas turbines fueled
with distillates, conventional steam turbines and
a small number of hydro power plants. In 2004 the
projection is to burn approximately 2 million tons
of diesel oil in order to supply electricity in
1.2 million places and 6 million people. This
generation will emit this year more than 5 million
tons of CO2.
REDE
Group operates two utilities in Pará and Mato
Grosso States (CEMAT and CELPA), which have many
isolated villages supplied by diesel oil and a few
small hydropower plants. REDE is also analyzing
connecting both utilities allowing them to
displace a large amount of fuel. The Group
developed extensive studies to connect some of the
isolated towns. LUMINA
is finalizing negotiations with REDE GROUP to aid
them in these alternatives and this proposal has
the aim to facilitate these initiatives. The
focus of this project is evaluate the projects
designed by Centrais Elétricas do Mato Grosso –
CEMAT and Centrais Elétricas do Pará – CELPA
to supply some of these isolated areas and develop
a business model to include Emission Reductions as
a new income to help financing part of these lines
and sub stations.
7.-
Zhongguancun
Huaxia Technology Building Sustainable Ground
Energy for Space Heating and Cooling
(China)
A
large commercial office building in Beijing, China
is scheduled for completion by the end of 2004.
The proposed project would allow the owner
to switch from conventional fossil energy to
sustainable ground energy to serve space heating,
cooling and water heating needs. For the proposed office building, the reduction of greenhouse
gas emission is 515,000 tons of CO2-equivalent
over the next 50 years.
The owner and a local governmental agency
together will provide 90% of the system cost, and
over 75% of the added cost required to convert to
the ground energy system.
The project will include the use of
American-made equipment
8.-
Ribaco River Subwatershed Project (Guatemala)
This
proposal describes a carbon sequestration
and micro hydroelectric energy project to
be carried out in the Ribacó River sub-watershed
located within the Sierra de las Minas Biosphere
Reserve (SMBR), Guatemala.
The general goal of the project is to
promote community development and the conservation
of the area’s natural resources through
strategies that combine both conservation and
development goals in order to contribute to the
improvement of the quality of life of local people
while reducing pressure on the natural resources
of the area. To accomplish this, the specific
objectives of the project are to establish a small
hydroelectric generating plant to strengthen
current productive activities and provide
conditions to establish new income sources; and
carry out reforestation and sustainable forest
management activities that generate financial
benefits for people from the production of goods
and environmental services. These objectives
further aim to mitigate global carbon emissions by
sequestering carbon in new forest areas.
The
project area is located in the Sierra de las Minas
Biosphere Reserve, which contains close to 80% of
all of the species reported for Guatemala and
Belize. It includes more than 375 species of
mammals, 400 species of birds, 140 species of
reptiles, 53 species of endemic fish, 17 species
of tropical conifers and 24 species of aquatic
plants.
|
